Plural ply fabric



Feb. 9, 1937. w w ROWE I 2,069,778

PLURAL FLY FABRIC Filed April 26, 1933 c% o mull/11111107all/11117121275707;

INVENTOR.

A TTORNEY..

' unusual physical resistance-may be produced. tion in increasing theresistance of a product, as 25 Patented rename? 1 a 9 773 1 UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE'" Q r aocsars- .PLURAL P'LY FABRIC William WallaceRowebincinnati, Ohio, assignmto The Paper Service Company, Lockland,Ohio,

a corporation of Ohio Application April 26, 1933,. Serial No. seams 5Claims. (01. 154-50) My invention relates to plural ply materials ingadditional means for resisting the removal of comprising creped papers,and more particularly stretch.

to materials in which the plies comprise a uni- Fig. 5 is a sectionalview of a piece of univerversally stretchable or expansible paper orother sally stretchable paper joinedto a frangible web.

5 web. In the co-pending application of William My invention, likewise,relates to coated webs. 5 C. Kemp, Serial No; 558,884, filed August24,1931, 4 The webs may be coated and preferably are coated there is setforth a universally 'expansible web, in the creping processes may bedone in accordcharacterized by crossing sets of creping crinkles, ancewiththe teaching of my Re issue, Patent and while my invention isapplicable to any No. 17,633, whereby a product obtained in muniversally stretchable web of paper or .the like, which. the coatingextends well down into. the 10 yet for. many uses I. prefer to use thematerial crinkles and in which no separate coating operaof the Kempinvention. Another exemplary, buttion is required. My present inventionis not, not limiting, instance of'a material adapted for however,limited to webs which are coated prior use in my invention, isthe-material set forth in to or concurrently with a crinkling operation.

the co-pending application of Rowe and Morris, One phase of my inventionis based uponcer- 15 Ser. No. 622,698, filed July 15, 1932. taindiscoveries with respect to the eflicacy of My invention relates tostructures of or com-- coated materials in resisting the stretching .ofa prising one or more universally stretchable webs stretchable web, Itis obvious that the force joined to similar or dissimilar materials topronecessary to stretch as well as to tear an unduce products of novelcharacteristics. One of coated, crinkled web is somewhat less than thatthe objects of my invention relates to the pronecessary to stretch ortear a coated web, since duction of retarded or'resi'sted stretchabilityin the coating must also be severed or stretched; such webs whereby" inview of the universally But I have discovered that coatings upon websstretchable characteristics thereof, products of are able to exercise amuch more important func- Another object oiimy invention relates to thewill besh'ownl production ofmaterial in, whichuniversally If two piecesof creped paper coated upon one stretchable webs are joined torelatively stifi side are simultaneously stretched whilenot in webs orstructures with the production of new adhesive juncture, as by placingthe two pieces 0 effects. Such new efiects are of. importancein withtheir paper sides toward each other .and

the use of my products as or in connection with their coated sidesoutwardly disposed, and it the wall coverings, floor coverings,container board force required to produce a givenelongation is materialetc. Still another object of my invenmeasured, a result will be securedwhich is subtion relates to the production of composite ma-. stantiallythe sum of the individual resistances terials and structures comprisingat least one of the pieces. If, however, similarcoated and 35stretchable web adhesively joined to a web or creped papers are pressedtogether with their structure which is frangible or disintegrable, socoated sides in adhesive contact so as to form a as not to localizestretching strains upon the composite fabric, then.the force required toprostretchable web.. duce the same elongation will be' foundto be 40These and other objects of my invention, which very greatly increasedover the sum of the inwill be set forth hereinafter, or will beapparent. dividual resistances. to one skilled in the art upon readingthese While I do not'desire to bebound .by theory, specifications, Iaccomplish by that certain conyetI believe the reason for thisphenomenon is struction and arrangement of parts of which I as follows:For a clear understanding reference shall describe certain exemplaryembodiments. may be. made to Fig, 1 whereinfI have shown op- 45Reference is made to thedrawing wherein: posed'pieces of creped paperindicated at I and Figure 1 is a sectional view of a product com-' 2,each of these being coated with, for example, prising a plurality ofuniversally stretchable an asphaltic substance in layers indicated at 3webs. and 4. It may belsupposed that the paper has Fig. 2 is a sectionalview of a product comprisbeen creped by means of the positive adhesive50 ing a web of universally stretchable material action of this'bitumen,althoughmy product is 'joined to a web of relatively'stifi material. notso limited. Under these circumstances the Fig. 3 is a sectional viewshowing the material bituminous coating will be to all intents and pur-.of Fig. 2 bent at an angle. poses continuous with respect to the papersur- 4 is a perspective viewof a product hav face, even within thewrinkles. -By reason of the -5= of the coating substance. In eitherevent creping action and the forcing of the crlnkles togethertherein'the bituminous layer will be crinkles of both sheets may befilled up solid by the coating substance.

Whatever the particular condition of the coating substance between theplies, a stretching of the combined fabric will be manifest not only inan elongation of the webs, and a bending and/or stretching of thecoatings thereon, but also in a tendency oi the webs to separate, whichseparation is resisted by the cohesive action oi the' coating substance.This tendencyis primarily due to .the non-conjointly creped character ofthe piles, which produces relative movement oi parts as the plies arestretched. Insome instances, particularly where the crinkles are. illledup more or less solidly with the coating substance,

there is a tendency to separate the plies by pullthem apart, overrelatively incompressible the tendency to separate is strongly resistedby the cohesive iorjceoi the coating substance, particularly where thepeaks of the crinkles 01' d1!- ierent plies are Joined together byrelatively thlnilim's oi substance. This'acti0n [is not round inconiointly crepcd materials. as where twosheek'o'i plain paper are firstcemented'together are then creped as one web, since herethc cementltioussubstance is creped with-the and elongates therewith when stretched, andsince the paper layers stretch conjointly the cohesive resistanceoithe-cementitious' layer isn'ot utiliacd With creped. iabrics' nguniversal stretchabillty the phenomenon bove discussed is productive -otimusual' results. In the first place, the fabric has an unusualresistance to the removal oi. stretch. In the second place. the

fabric is serviceable for a number or purposes since a strain placedasainst the iabrlc may initiallybe greater than the ultimate tensilestrength of the fabric, but will be compensated vior by the controlledelongation thereof.' This" vcoaidng is set iorth in my co-pendingapplication, Serial No. 664,377 flied April 4, 1933, wherein a bag orother flexible container made 01 such a fabric as Iv hereinabovedescribed, is able successfully to withstand str which would burst thirdplace, 1, a, relatively continuously plastic terial is employed, thepiles tend to re cement innew formations and the controlled resistanceto the oistretch remains at a substantially throu hout a stretchingoperation which removes less than the total stretchahility or thematerials. Inthe fourth place,:it the coating substance becomes hard andfrangible, it interposes even greater initial to the removal of stretch;and ii a stretching action results in a separation of the plies, thisdoes not destroy the ultility oi the iabric, although its resistance tofurther stretching may be diminished. Theplies will, of course,

re-cement ii plasticity is restored to the In the flith place, it amaterial is employed such 1 as rubber, having a continuous resilience asdistinguished from a more or less continuous plas-j ticlty, theresistance to the-removaloi stretch increases as the material isstretched; and when.

the stretch is relieved the material tends to return to a greater orlessdegree toitsoriginal unstretched condition, as set forth in my copendingapplication, Ser. No. 668.105 filed April 26, 1933. In the sixth placeI'have round that still greater resistance to the removal of stretch maybe obtained by incorporating relatively-short and, heterogeneouslyarranged iibers in the coating layer, without destroying the universallystretchable character of that layer. In the seventh place, theseproducts, not only having unusual resistance because oi theirv generalstretchability, have unusual properties because of their universallocalized stretchability. Thin-my --iabrics even when made to have greatthicknesses can bend back upon themselves sharply without fracture ofanyoithe Theyarethu'soiparticularutilityasiloorcom-- ings. -Thatsuchanactionwouldbeimposaible in plain ieltedtwebs solidly cemented togethenisan indication of the utility oi my fabrics for me in bending structuresalone or in with container board or the like which must be scored to bebent; Again thelocal universal stretchability of my i'abrics not onlypermits them toconiorm touneven surfaces, but, as when applied to a wallor-the like. enables them to mask a crack and compensate tor t wideningor changegoi shape of the crack.

These unusualresults are bound upin large measure with the universallystretchable characterot thematerialelnplbyed. It may be said that inmaking materials-oi this character an in- 'itiallycoateii condition ofall of the plies is not A at d D 1118! lie-1 W coated ply by means oithe coating-substancs-or additional coating substance, and a heightenedresistance obtained. However, when using universally stretchable paperthe resistance to. ex;- pansion is greater than when using paperstretchto a multi lateral relative movementof the piles in thestretching operation. Not this, buta imllti-lateral stretchabillty oithe individual webs gives to the products new usefulness in itselftouncvensuriaces, in the reliei of strains by localizedas distinguishedfrom general stretchability, in bending around sharp corners, and in Theplural ply ,able in but one primary direction, due doubtless fabric ofmy invention may readily be and will take perfectly very intricatepatterns, Likewise, as hereinabove indicated, my material may bebentwithout cracking andv withoutscoringthroughasharpanglebyreasonoi'thelocalized stretchability of theseveral plies, which un- "der these circumstances move and/or stretchrel ativelyto'each othertotakeupthevarying oi the bending operation.Hitherto in the production of articles from boxboard 01' the like, ithas beehnecessary to score the material where it is to! bent. Suchscoring results not only in a separation in the plies but alsofacilitates the disruption or: the outerplies when the board is bent. acom osite fabric,

of a pluralityot plies of universally stretchable material made inaccordance with my invention may be bent upon itself without scoring andwithout the disruption of plies. Moreover, one

or more plies oi coated universally stretchable rs ruption of thesurface ply at least.

I have shown in Fig. 2 a product comprising the.

web of universally stretchable paper I, joined by a coating substance 8to a web 9 of relatively stiff material such as boxboard or fiber board.When this product is. bent as shown in Fig. 3, there is no disruption ofthe outer ply. The relatively stiff material may be faced on both sidesif desired with a coated ply of universally stretchable paper. Theuniversally stretchable paper has in addition the power to accommodateitself ,to initial surface irregularities of a relatively stiff materialor some other support to which it may be applied. Thus panels of stiffmaterial such as board may be covered with a coated layer com-- prisingone or more plies of universally stretchable paper and the ply or pliesworked and stretched until it accommodates itself accurately to thesurface and to the area to which it is applied. In this way covers maybe made for containers of stiff material, applied to the surfacesthereof and worked into continuous surface con-,

tact and surface conformation. This function exists not only in singleplies but in plural plies of the flexible and universally stretchablematerial for reasons which have been set forth'hereinabove.

Likewise completedfabrics comprising plies of universally stretchablematerialhave not only the power to lie fiat upon regular surfaces, butalso to conform themselves to irregular surfaces. For roofing, siding,wall covering, book binding and the like, my novel product has unusualuseful ness.-

In Figure 4, I have shown a composite fabric comprising universallystretchable webs i0 and II, coated with cementing substance as at I2 andI3. Relatively short and heterogeneously arranged fibers, as indicatedat I4, are placed between the plies so as to be caught by and bondedinto the cementing substance. This may be accomplished readily bysprinkling or dusting the fibers upon a coated ply while the coating isin an adhesive condition. An excess of the fibers may be employed, i.e., more than will immediately bond to the coating, and the excess maybe reg moved, immediately, or after further handling of the ply. When aply has been treated with fibers, another coated ply may be adhesivelysecured to it, or not, as desired. The addition of fibers, as described,will make a single coating much more resistant to the removal ofstretch, and in some instances a firmly adhered coating ofheterogeneously arranged fibers uopn an external coating 2 will give adesirable surface texture.

The fibers employed may be such as jute, hemp, cotton, or othervegetable or animal fibers, or mineral fibers such as asbestos. Byshort, I mean varying in length, say from one quarter of an inch orshorter, to two or three inches, although these figures are notlimiting. Since they are short and -heterogeneously arranged, theyretard, but do not destroy the universal stretchability of the coatingsubstance. Upon stress, they will slip with reference to the coating, orwill move therein if the coating has a resident plasticity. Theyincrease the resistance of the whole fabric tostretching, withoutsubstantially impairing its ultimate stretchability; they increasesomewhat the ultimate strength of thefabric; and they make the fabricmuch more resistant to puncturing.

My invention likewise contemplates the junc-.

ture of a stretchable web to another web or -number of P material, whichwhether or not it ,is itself stretchable, will not act to destroy thestretchability of the stretchable web. Thus in the practice of myinvention a stretchable web maybe joined to a web which is frangible ordisintegrable generally, within the limits of the resistance tostretchability of thecombined structure. I have shown in Figure 5, a webof creped paper-l5, joined by means of a coating substance IE, to a web"of frangible or disintegrable material, such, for example, as a lighttissue or a web of loose fibrous material. The tissue, if employed,

.may have varied characteristics, and may it'-- self be creped oruncreped. It may be so loosely matted or have suchinherentstretchability as to yield with the main web, or it may have theproperty of breaking or disintegrating at a large In this particularaspect of my invention, however, I distinguish the products lasthereinabove described from products in which, for example, astretchable. paper web is joined to a stout plain paper web. In such aproduct the application of stretching strains will fracture the stoutplain paper .web at one point or' at a small number of points; and uponthe continued application of the stretching strain this will result inthe preliminary removal of the entire local stretchability of thestretchable web adjacent the fracture, thereby weakening the structure.Some additional stretch may be realized by separation of the pliesadjacent the fracture, but this will depend upon the nature of the"juncture between vwebs and the adhesion and cohesion 'of the cementingagent. A web which,

while it may not itself be stretchable, is generally frangible ordisintegrable, will not destroy.

the general stretchability of the combined structure.

A product comprising a web of stretchable material joined by cementingto a web of thin tissue, for example, is useful also as an intermediatestage product in the formation of other structures. Where paper has beencreped by means of a bitumen and where it is desired to store it assuch, the problem of rendering the coating non-adhesive has bee'ntroublesome. The application ofa thin tissue-to the coated side of suchproduct solves this, problem without de-.

may facilitate separation of plies, which may-bedesirable in somestructures. I

It will be understood that modifications can the spirit thereof. IHaving thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is: I 4

1. In .combination a layer of creped paper of substantial weight andstrength, bearing on its surface a layer of adhesive substance, andjoined by means of said layer to a thin, tissue-like web, said lastmentioned web acting normally to prevent accidental adherence of saidadhesive laybe made in my invention without departing from 'er toobjects, and said last mentioned web lie-f said set mentioned webactins'10 tesrableinsubstantlallyalllt'sparts raid first mentioned web isstretched so as 4" i 1 some in: dlsintesrable' in-substantially allits'parts when said first mentioned-web isstretched so as'notto destroyeitherthe local or seneral stretchability oi said layer of creped paper.

I. Incombination a layer of ereped paper of substantial weight andstrenstlnbsarin: on its suriaeealayer oiadhesivesnbstancaandjolned bymeans of said layer to a thin, thus-like web,

to prevent idental adherence otsald adhesive ertoobiects,andsaidlastlhentionedweb disinte'srableinsubstantialballitspartswilrstmentioned-layerisstretched, so asnot to destroy either the local orgeneral stretehability oisaidlayerotuniversallystretchablepaper.

tmcombuation, two layers oi! stretchable paper oi substantial weisht andstrensth cementedtose'therbymeansolanadhesivaanda.

layer oithin.,tisue-likematerialoi ilbrouscharacter located therebetweenand by said adhesive, said tissue-like material being disintegrable insubstantially all its parts when said combination is stretched soasnotto destroy either the local or the general strsfzehability of i saidlayers oi stretchable paper.

5.1:; comblnatlon.'two layers or stretchable paper of substantial weishtand strenzth'eemented together by means of an'adhesive, and 7 short,heteroseneously arransed fibrous material located therebetween andsubstantially permeated by said adhesive, said ilbrous materialactlnstoretardbutnottodestroyeitberthelocal Q or generalstretchabllltyof said combination I

